AO1 All greens reject the anthropocentric view of main ideologies. AO2 All greens reject the anthropocentric view that humanity is above and outside nature and see it as a root cause of environmental destruction. [IJ] They agree that this view needs to be replaced if humanity's relationship to nature is to be sustainable. AO1 The anthropocentric view sees nature as a commodity to be exploited by humanity for its own ends. AO2 Greens argue that the anthropocentric view that sees nature as a commodity is unsustainable where there are limits to growth. [IJ] A new relationship to nature is needed based on an alternative approach. AO1 The anthropocentric view is a mechanistic world view (Merchant) and reductionist. AO2 Ecologism rejects the idea that nature is a machine whose parts can be understood, fixed or replaced in isolation from the whole (Merchant). [IJ] A new relationship with nature needs establishing, built on holism and the lessons of ecology (Carson).

AO1 Shallow greens adopt a form of enlightened anthropocentrism, whilst all forms of anthropocentrism are rejected by social ecology and deep greens. AO2 Shallow greens adopt enlightened anthropocentrism with humanity as steward of nature and intergenerational equity. Deep greens reject this in favour of ecocentrism whilst social ecology rejects anthropocentrism as a model of unjustified hierarchy and domination (Bookchin). [IJ] This shows clear disagreements between all three strands. AO1 Shallow greens support giving nature instrumental value, whilst many deep greens see nature as having intrinsic value. AO2 Shallow greens argue for limited holism to sustainably manage resources (Carson) to sustain human life, whilst deep greens give nature intrinsic value based on radical holism and propose ecocentric ethical frameworks like the Land ethic (Leopold). [IJ] This reflects a deep divide between the strands. AO1 Social ecology rejects the approach of both deep and shallow greens. AO2 Social ecology rejects both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism in favour of changing humanity's relations with other humans to create a new human-nature relationship built on partnership (Merchant) and complementarity (Bookchin). [IJ] This shows how deep the disagreement is within ecologism.